Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra

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Aspetti genetici dell'evoluzione linguistica nelle popolazioni umane: un'analisi comparativa e interdisciplinare
(2017-07-12) Vigna, Mara; Pantano, Pietro; Passarino, Giuseppe; Dato, Serena
Due pesi e due misure: differenze di genere nella Malattia di Alzheimer
(2017-07-12) Notaro, Patrizia; Pantano, Pietro; Passarino, Giuseppe; Bruni, Amalia C.
Starting from the particular female exposure to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the aim of the study was to investigate gender differences in the onset and evolution. 1925 medical records of AD patients, diagnosed with NINCDS-ADRDA criteria, were digitalized in order to extrapolate data. The mean age of the sample was 71 years, 57 years for early onset patients and 75 years for late onset, with duration of the disease around 9 years. Data taken into account and differentiated for gender were: prevalence and onset of the disease; time elapsed between the onset and the first visit, the duration of follow-up and the duration of disease; the educational level, cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. MMSE score was considered at T0 (first visit), T1 (2yrs>T0) and T2 (4yrs>T0). A checklist of symptoms and signs, extrapolated from the cognitive-behavioral anamnesis, was then analyzed. It was furthermore calculated the genotype frequency and the allele frequency on a sample of 912 patients. IBM SPSS 20 statistics software was used (significance was given by p <0.05). Results highlighted that women were more represented in the cohort (67.1%) and in the early onset group (81.6%, p=0.008). There was no gender differences in the time elapsed from symptoms onset to the first visit (4 years), in the follow-up period (4 years) and in the duration of disease (9 years). Women were more cognitively impaired at T0 with 15.9+5.9 MMSE score vs 17+6.5 male score, while men seemed to decline faster at T2, -3.85+4.66 vs -2.93+4.39. Women had a lower level of education 5.6 years vs 6.51 years of men (p=0.000) and presented a higher comorbidity: dysthyroidism (p=0.000), cholesterol (p=0.000) hypertension (p=0.000) and a higher incidence of depression (p=0.000) while men were more statistically represented for irritability (p=0.000). Signs extrapolated from the cognitive-behavioral anamnesis have revealed a higher percentage of man for language impairment (p=0.000), behavioral symptoms (p=0.009), apraxia (p=0.005), spatial disorientation (p=0.006) and calculus impairment (p=0.035). APOE results were not representative in terms of gender differences but confirmed a possible impact of the allele ε4 on cognitive decline. Results have outlined a female patient highly represented in the sample, less educated, with a worse cognitive impairment and more exposed to comorbidity. Men seemed to impair faster in the first 2 years from onset, presenting a more aggressive picture. Furthermore, the diagnosis of the disease for the entire cohort delays of 3 years compared to the international and national mean of time elapsed from onset to first visit, which is about only 1 year The particular exposure of women to dementia and the different evolutionary impact of neurodegenerative diseases, from a gender point of view, still require ample studies and in-depth observations. In particular, the identification of specific gender aspects may be a valuable aid for a more timely identification of diseases and their better management.
<> sintomi comportamentali e psicologici nella malattia di Alzheimer: esordio e differenze di genere
(2018-05-11) Altomari, Natalia; Critelli, Salvatore; Passarino, Giuseppe; Bruni, , Amalia C.
BPSD have a deep physical and psychological impact on patients affected by any kind of dementing illness and on caregiver in terms of costs and resources and represent an important cause of institutionalization. The aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence of BPSD in a sample of patients with Alzheimer’s disease in three stages: preclinical (TO), from AD onset to five years (T1) and for five years onwards (T2). Furthermore, possible differences between men and women and Early and Late Onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD and LOAD) have been analyzed. 1925 medical records of AD patients, diagnosed with NINCDS-ADRDA, criteria have been examined from the digital database of the Regional Neurogenetics Center (ASP-CZ). Symptoms have been extracted from Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and from a check list of BPSD for internal use for as long as BPSD have been observed(apathy, irritability, depression, anxiety, delusions, hallucinations, aggression, agitation, disinhibition, affective lability, wandering, sleep disorders and eating disorders). At least one BPSD was detected in 90,4% of the sample. The most represented symptoms were apathy (57.4%), irritability/affective lability (50.5%) and agitation/aggression (42.3%), the last two were presented especially in men (p = 0.000). Most of BPSD are distributed between the fourth and fifth year of illness. According to gender, disinhibition appears significantly later in women and according to onset all BPSD manifest significantly later in patients with EOAD. Concerning differences between EOAD and LOAD patients, sleep disorders characterize EOAD in preclinical stage (p=0.022). Depression (p=0.017) is predominant in EOAD at T1, while LOAD presents with more irritability/affective lability (p=0.000), agitation/aggression (p=0.001) and sleep disorders (p=0.000). A considerable number of EOAD patients still develop BPSD in the advanced stage (T2). As regard gender, considering BPSD timing, depression characterizes women in preclinical stage (T0) (p=0.01). At T1 men show disinhibition (p=0.002) irritability/affective lability (p=0.000), sleep disorders (p=0.03), agitation/aggression (p=0.000) while women exibit greater anxiety (p=0.027) and depression (p=0.000). No gender differences have been evidenced in T2. Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in our cohort demonstrates, in agreement with the literature how AD is not only “a cognitive” disease. Interestingly, a number of signs of behavioral changes appear before AD onset. The identification of these “red flags” of AD can be important and significant for the early detection of the disease. Predominance of affective pattern in women and aggressivity in men suggests that gender differences can be related to a brain’s pathophysiological diversity. Therefore, a strategic and adaptive management of these symptoms is always necessary to early diagnose, cure and care patients with this devastating brain disorder
Molecular mechanisms involved in the biological responses to estrogens and antiestrogens in cancer cell
(2013-11-04) Madeo, Antonio; Passarino, Giuseppe; Maggiolini, Marcello

Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra - Tesi di dottorato

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