Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche - Tesi di Dottorato

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://localhost:4000/handle/10955/32

Questa collezione raccoglie le Tesi di Dottorato afferenti al Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche dell'Università della Calabria.

Browse

Author: search.filters.author.Cerra, Maria Carmela

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Green biomaterials and advanced technologies for road pavements
    (Università della Calabria, 2021-04-08) Ashimova, Saltanat Zhandarbekovna; Cerra, Maria Carmela; Rossi, Cesare Oliverio; Burkhanbaevich, Teltayev Bagdat
    The main objective aims at developing methodologies and new biomaterials for the sustainability assessment of “green bituminous mixtures”. “Green bituminous mixtures” is used in the context as a general term for all types of bituminous mixtures in which specific materials or technologies are used with the aim of reducing the environmental impact and of reducing health risks of workers. In the present research new bioadditives were developed and tested to improve the adhesion between bitumen and stones, to modify the rheological characteristic of the bitumen as well as rejuvenating properties of the bitumen.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Production of new bituminous materials (ecobinders)by recycling waste oil and rubber from end-of-life tire ("Crumb Rubber")
    (Università della Calabria, 2021) Porto, Michele; Cerra, Maria Carmela; Rossi, Cesare
    Nowadays the main problems faced by applied research and industry are towards environmental issues such as global warming, carbon footprint, reduction of greenhouse gas emission amongst others. The Kyoto Treaty was developed as a result in 1997 to setting the objective for European countries to develop policies and technologies in order to meet greenhouse gas reduction requirements. In this light, the asphalt industry accordingly implemented measures to facilitate eco-friendly operations. Examples of some of these measures include the introduction of the use of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) which reduce production costs and reduce CO2 emissions. Another initiative used to address environmental problems is resource conservation which has made the use, recovery and recycling of resources more practical and effective in not only reducing production costs but also in making a regenerative circular economy. An example of this initiative is an innovation called End of Waste (EoW) product through which waste is converted into a new product and it is proving very practical and effective in recent times. The End of Waste (EoW) criteria means recovery and treatment processes under which waste could be converted in a new potential product. In particular, according to the European normative the main requirements for a given waste - possibly treated by industrial processes - to satisfy the EoW qualification are the following: a) the substance or object is intended to be used for specific purposes; b) there is a market or demand for this substance or object; c) the substance or object meets the technical requirements for the specific purposes and complies with the existing legislation and standards applicable to the products; d) the use of the substance or object will not lead to overall negative impacts on the environment or human health (in accordance with the Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) list) From this perspective, the reuse of opportunely re-refined exhausted oils from automobile and industrial hydraulic applications - that have become unfit for the use for which they were originally intended - completely fulfil the circular economy goals. This PhD thesis deals with the conversion of End of Waste Product (EoW) in the form of Re-refined Engine Oil Bottom (REOB) obtained from exhausted oil regeneration processes – through the addition of recycled industrial waste materials - to high performing bituminous binder suitable for use in asphalt mix production. This can save the asphalt industry an even larger amount of resources if it is normalized to practice using this new potentially revolutionary binder together with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) which reduces the need for virgin aggregates in asphalt mix production. Indeed, in the present work asphalt concrete samples have been obtained by using 100 % Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) aggregates. The asphalt concrete samples thus obtained underwent testing in order to study their behaviour with the goal to substitute virgin aggregates that are commonly employed in asphalt pavement. This would allow to reach the standards of most of the European countries where RAP is already used in the range of 70-90%, while up to now in Italy a maximum of 30% of RAP is used in the Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) and Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA). The aged and more brittle bituminous binder that coats the aggregates limits the use of RAP material as it stiffens the resulting asphalt mixtures making the pavements more brittle and sometimes more prone to cracking especially at low temperatures. To overcome this problem a rejuvenating agent could be used.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Development of new bio-materials and technologies for the green regeneration of RAP
    (Università della Calabria, 2021) Loise, Valeria; Cerra, Maria Carmela; Oliverio Rossi, Cesare
    Il presente lavoro di ricerca ha avuto come scopo lo sviluppo di nuovi rigeneranti green per il fresato d’asfalto, noto anche come reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). Questa ricerca nasce dalla necessità di aumentare l’uso del RAP nelle pavimentazioni stradali. L’uso del RAP ha sia un impatto economico positivo, infatti non è necessario usare inerti e bitume fresco, ma soprattutto ha un alto un impatto in termini di ecosostenibilità, il RAP da rifiuto da smaltire diventa di fatto materia prima, implementando l’economia circolare e l’end waste. Infatti il riuso del fresato d’asfalto consentirebbe di non trattare più questo materiale come uno scarto, con tutti le relative problematiche ambientali derivabili, ma bensì come una risorsa. Inoltre sono state sviluppate ed implementate tecniche di indagine chimico-fisiche e nuove metodologie per determinare i meccanismi di azione di un rigenerante sulla struttura del bitume e distinguere in modo univoco un rigenerante da un semplice flussante. Tale tesi è stata la base scientifica che ha permesso di definire una norma europea e nazionale da seguire per le aziende che commercializzano rigeneranti bituminosi. Spesso infatti il fresato d’asfalto viene trattato con agenti che non modificano la struttura colloidale del bitume riportandola alla loro struttura originaria, ma che semplicemente hanno una mera attività flussante (abbassare la viscosità del sistema). Le “classiche” metodologie di indagine generalmente basate su parametri fisici-meccanici ed ingegneristici, non sono sufficienti per discriminare l’azione di un rigenerante da quella di un flussante. Tale approccio finora comunemente usato ha avuto un forte impatto sulla durata e qualità delle pavimentazioni stradali, effetto devastante dal punto di vista economico, sociale e soprattutto ambientale. The present research aimed to develop a procedure and methodologies that could uniquely distinguish between a fluxing agent and a rejuvenating agent. Recently, it has been realized that the reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) was a resource of considerable importance. In fact, it contains an appreciable amount of binder, which under certain conditions can be recycled for the construction of new pavements, thus reducing not only costs but also the use of raw materials. Therefore, this allows to consider the RAP more as a resource than a waste. Most of the time, the bitumen obtained from the RAP is treated with agents that have a mere flux function (lowering the viscosity of the system). These agents do not modify the colloidal structure of the bitumen. Therefore, they are not able to restore the structure of the aged bitumen to that of the neat bitumen. Furthermore, the investigation methodologies generally used to counter the regenerating effect of an additive are based on physical-mechanical and engineering parameters. These parameters are almost always insufficient to discriminate the action of a regenerant from that of a flux. For this reason, chemical-physical investigation techniques have been developed and implemented to determine the action mechanisms of a rejuvenator on the inner structure of the bitumen. In this way, it was possible to uniquely discriminate between a real rejuvenator and a fluxing agent. Finally, this thesis was the scientific basis that allowed the definition of a new European and National standard to be followed for companies that market bituminous regenerants.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Eco-friendly additives for sustainable road pavements
    (2019-04-18) Caputo, Paolino; Cerra, Maria Carmela; Rossi, Cesare Oliverio
    L'obiettivo del presente studio è quello di sviluppare e valutare l'efficacia di nuovi additivi non tossici ed eco-compatibili per il settore delle pavimentazioni stradali. Attualmente, in tale settore, c'è la tendenza ad adottare pratiche eco-sostenibili rivolte alla salvaguardia della salute dei lavoratori e dell’ambiente. Nella presente ricerca i nuovi additivi sono stati caratterizzati e sviluppati al fine di ridurre le emissioni dei fumi potenzialmente tossici rilasciati dal bitume nell'atmosfera durante la produzione e la lavorazione dell’asfalto. Inoltre sono stati formulati e studiati nuovi bioadditivi capaci di migliorare l’adesione tra bitume e aggregati, modificare le caratteristiche reologiche del legante e migliorarne la resistenza all’invecchiamento (funzione antiossidante).