Tesi di Dottorato

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Start date: 2001End date: 2009

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    Rischio di credito, evoluzione normativa e compliance. Organizzazione e gestione nelle banche locali
    (Università della Calabria, 2007) Latte, Biagio; Birindelli, Giuliana; Drago, Danilo
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    Laser action in liquid crystals: from random to periodic syatems
    (2007) Ferjani, Sameh; Strangi, Giuseppe; Versace, Carlo
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    Analisi del comportamento non-lineare dei materiali compositi con microstruttura periodica
    (2009) Sgambittera, Girolamo; Olivito, Renato Sante; Bruno, Domenico; Greco, Fabrizio
    In the present thesis the macroscopic non-linear behavior of composite materials with a periodic and heterogeneous microstructure is studied. There are many different kinds of phenomena that produce non-linear effects in composite materials, for example intralaminar damage, delamination and microbucking in fiber reinforced composite or micro-cracking in cellular materials. In this work attention is devoted to the mechanical modeling of nonlinear phenomena associated to the presence of micro-cracks in the context of linear elasticity and of microscopic instabilities in the framework of the finite strain theory. Applications have been developed with reference to microstructures of cellular type and with embedded inclusions. The thesis is structured according to the following chapters: -In the first chapter the fundamental concepts of the finite strains theory are recalled. The constitutive relations associated to a class of conjugate stress-strain pairs are introduced. The basic expressions of the incremental constitutive laws are shown with special reference to incrementally linear constitutive laws. Finally the stability and the uniqueness of the equilibrium solution are analyzed. -In the second chapter, after an introduction about the homogenization techniques, the micro and macro stability phenomena occurring in composite materials with a periodic microstructure are studied from a theoretical point of view in the context of the finite strains theory. The formulation starts from a variational formulation of the problem. Novel macroscopic measures of micro-structural stability are introduced corresponding to the positive definiteness of the homogenized moduli tensors relative to a class of conjugate stress-strain pairs and their effectiveness to obtain a conservative prediction of the microscopic primary instability load is pointed out. Analysis of these stability phenomena plays a fundamental role because often the collapse of composite materials with periodic microstructure is related to microstructural instabilities. In addition the microscopic stability analysis establishes the region of validity of the standard homogenization procedure based on the unit cell procedure. -In the third chapter, in the context of the small strains theory, non-linear phenomena are presented with reference to composite materials with a porous microstructure containing micro-cracks spreading from the voids. The fundamental techniques of homogenization are applied in conjunction with fracture mechanics theory and interface models. The energy release rate is evaluated through the J-integral technique. -In the fourth chapter some numerical applications carried out by means of a one-way coupled finite element code, are proposed. In the first section the numerical results will be introduced with reference to the theoretical aspects developed in the second chapter. Numerical analyses are addressed to composite materials with a periodic microstructure, namely a porous microstructure and a particle-reinforced microstructure. The adopted constitutive law is hyperelastic. Periodic boundary conditions will be used for the microstructure, and uniaxial and equibiaxial loading conditions are considered. Numerical analyses are able to show the exact region of microscopic stability, obtained by taking into account all the microstructural details, and the region of macroscopic stability, determinate by studying homogenized material properties. To elaborate macroscopic criteria able to give a conservative prediction of the microstructural stability, different measures of macroscopic instability are introduced with reference to work conjugate strain-stress measures. In the second section of this chapter a numerical analyses with reference to the micromechanical model proposed in the third chapter is developed. In this case the microstructure adopted for the composite materials is a cellular microstructure in which there is the presence of two micro-cracks advancing symmetrically from the void. The microstructure is subjected to three different boundary conditions namely respectively: linear displacements, periodic fluctuations and antiperiodic tractions and uniform tractions. The objective of this section is to verify the validity of the homogenization technique in the prediction of micro-crack evolution phenomena, for composites with locally periodic microstructure. The energy release rate obtained through the micromechanical model will be compared with a 2D composite structure composed by a regular arrangement of 5x5 unit cells. The composite structure is subjected to two different boundary conditions: the former is associated with the absence of contact between the surfaces of the micro-cracks, on the contrary in the latter case there is the presence of the contact. This type of comparison allows to investigate the accuracy of the proposed procedure in presence of macroscopic tension and strain gradients.
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    40° N sole e contesto nella progettazione di spazi urbani mediterranei
    (2009) Carbone, Ivana; Rossi, Franco; Cannavò, Paola
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    Procedure sinottiche di calibrazione di analisi condotte mediante interferometria radar satellitare su reti di infrastrutture urbane e stradali .
    (2009-02-04) Gerardo, Fortunato; Ferrucci, Fabrizio; Deffontaines, Benoit;
    L’étude ci-dessous illustre les résultats d’une activité expérimentale basée sur des couples d’images ERS et ENVISAT, déroulée dans l’Italie du Sud et en particulier en Calabre centreméridionale pour la période 1998-2000 (ERS) et jusqu’à 2005 (ENVISAT). En particulier, les techniques d’interférométrie SAR différentielles se sont montrées comme un outil important pour différentes applications et pour la détection de phénomènes distinct. Les données dérivées constituent un élément important pour supporter l’analyse et intégrer les connaissances d’un territoire comme celui de la Calabre Central qui, paradoxalement encore aujourd’hui, n’a été pas objet d’études géologiques détaillées suffisamment fines bien que les chroniques reportent plusieurs faits majeurs d’ « instabilité gravitaire ». L’objectif principal du travail a été la détection de subsidences, de glissements de terrain et l’évaluation générale des conditions du risque pour une zone régionale stratégiquement très important tel que la « Piana di Lamezia » à travers l’utilisation de donnés dérivées de l’analyse interférométrique SAR et leur intégration dans un SIG. Puis, on a voulu vérifier si la production de « donnés accessoires », toujours dérivées du processing SAR (cartographie ILU), sont exploitables et utiles à intégrer, en l’améliorant, la cartographie thématique et la bibliographie géologique-technique existantes. Après avoir présenté synthétiquement les principes des techniques utilisées et l’illustration de certaines approches originales dans leur implémentation pour la réduction des problèmes générales de bruit, on a montrés les résultats de leur application pour des thématismes. En particulier nous avons focalisé l’attention sur les zones urbaines et l’environnements des villes de Vibo Valentia et Lamezia Terme et sur le réseau des infrastructures présentes (ligne ferroviaire Tirrena Inferiore, autoroute A3 Salerno-Reggio Calabria et aéroport Sant’Eufemia de Lamezia Terme). Les exemples choisis constituent le prototype des petites villes caractéristiques de l’Italie méridionale avec des agglomérations urbaines modestes situées dans des zones qui parfois encore restent rurales et surtout avec des passages nets à des terrains à haut taux de couverture végétale. Les deux villes, toutefois, maintiennent des particularités étant Lamezia Terme placé dans un graben tectonique où il y a des évidences d’une tectonique active avec subsidence généralisée et Vibo Valentia sur un horst où le soulèvement néotectonique régional montre une accélération des processus de démantèlement des versants. Finalement, ce travail montre que l'interférométrie radar différentielle est un outil opérationnel pour l'étude des déformations actives dans ce territoire. Si le travaille a porté sur la standardisation d’une procédure opérationnelle avec l’intégration d’un logiciel expérimental, les apports de la technique concernent à la fois la localisation, la caractérisation et la quantification des phénomènes affectant la surface topographique. L'ensemble des informations obtenues fournit des indications inédites et précieuses pour la compréhension de certains phénomènes et leur modélisation. L’analyse qualitative et semi-quantitative des zones relatives à l’aéroport Sant’Eufemia de Lamezia Terme et à la zone urbaine de Vibo Valentia pose de nouvelles questions par rapport au déclenchement de phénomènes d’instabilités géologiques par exemple pendant des phénomènes sismiques et donc aussi pas rapport à la gestion de situation de risque par la protection civil. Pour ce qui concerne l’apport direct de la technique de l’interférométrie SAR différentielle au control des infrastructures, elle semble résulter actuellement adapte que pour un leur étude indirect. En effet, l’utilisation d’images dérivées par les satellites européens ERS et ENVISAT, ne permet pas de résoudre par exemple les problématiques liées par exemple à l’extension des cibles. Actuellement, n’étant pas complètement opérationnels les nouveaux satellites SAR caractérisés pas une résolution métrique et/ou sub-métrique, une analyse plus fine ne serait possible qu’avec l’utilisation de la technique des Permanent Scatterers qu’il faudrait développer maintenaient ici.
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    Ruolo del sistema Glutammatergico nella plasticità neuronale amigdalare del Mesocricetus auratus
    (2008) Granata, Teresa; Canonaco, Marcello
    La plasticità sinaptica è un meccanismo neuronale alla base di funzioni complesse del Sistema Nervoso Centrale, come l’apprendimento e la memoria. Tali funzioni sono associate a eventi di potenziamento e depressione sinaptici necessari ad evitare che tutte le sinapsi vadano incontro a saturazione e prevenire cicli di feedback positivo tra l’attività della rete di neuroni e la forza sinaptica. I neuroni di per sé regolano le trasmissioni eccitatorie tramite la variazione del numero e della composizione sinaptica di alcuni sistemi recettoriali come quello glutammatergico. Un ruolo centrale nel controllo della plasticità neuronale è svolto sia dai recettori dell’NMDA che dell’AMPA, costituiti entrambi da diverse subunità recettoriali la cui variazione nella composizione e reciproca organizzazione determina la formazione di recettori con caratteristiche cinetiche e farmacologiche differenti, regolando i processi di plasticità sinaptica sia durante le fasi critiche dello sviluppo encefalico che di particolari stadi fisiologici quali l’ibernazione. In virtù di ciò, il Mesocricetus auratus, un roditore ibernante facoltativo, ha rappresentato un valido modello sperimentale per gli studi neurobiologici condotti in questo lavoro. In un simile contesto, un elemento chiave della regolazione plastica è costituito dal controllo eccitazione-inibizione attraverso fenomeni di cross-talking tra i recettori glutammatergici e quelli GABAergici. In questo lavoro si è evidenziato come l’attivazione di due delle principali subunità recettoriali GABAergiche, quali α1 e α5, abbia determinato un controllo negativo sulle azioni esplicate dagli agonisti glutammatergici, sia nel contesto delle attività di feeding e drinking behavior che dal punto di vista molecolare. Infatti, la subunità α1 si oppone maggiormente alle variazioni nella capacità e/o nella volontà di assumere acqua e cibo, in seguito all’azione dell’NMDA esplicata nell’area di transizione tra l’ipotalamo e l’amigdala, sia in eutermia che in ibernazione; diversamente α5 modula il comportamento alimentare AMPA-dipendente riconducibile all’attività dell’amigdala. E’ stato, inoltre, evidenziato, mediante l’ibridazione in situ, che le maggiori variazioni trascrizionali delle subunità recettoriali glutammatergiche avvengono in seguito alla modulazione per lo più inibitoria esercitata dal sistema GABAergico principalmente attraverso la subunità α5. Questo controllo trascrizionale sarebbe il risultato di meccanismi molecolari atti a modulare l’azione di fenomeni altamente eccitatori attraverso sofisticati processi di feedback negativo: il GABA, ormai inibitorio nell’encefalo adulto, tende a silenziare l’attivazione dei recettori eccitatori, modulando la trascrizione delle loro subunità recettoriali. Un simile meccanismo assume un ruolo funzionale importante nel controllo del ciclo di ibernazione, soprattutto del risveglio, quando potrebbero innescarsi fenomeni eccitotossici simil-ischemici che indurrebbero morte cellulare.
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    Resource reservation protocol and predictive algorithms for QoS support in wireless environments
    (2008-01) Fazio, Peppino; Talia, Domenico; Marano, Salvatore
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    Methane Physisorption processes on porous nanostructured materials
    (2001-11-03) Myrsini Kyriaki, Antoniou; Agostino, Raffaele Giuseppe; Carbone, Vincenzo; Bartolino, Roberto
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    La resilienza: prospettive pedagogiche
    (2009) Corapi, Teresa; Spadafora, Giuseppe; Sala, Gabriel Maria
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    Costruire per e con i suoni : qualità sonore del progetto d'architettura
    (2009) Recchia, Ida; Rossi, Franco; Lucente, Roberta
    In architectural design field, the interpretation of “sound” parameter evokes cultural and conceptual features that open towards new quality of architecture. The sound, having immaterial and incorporeal implications, is a physical presence in every built space. The sound dimension in architecture suggests the idea of space more livable and human, opposed to the repeated and “silent” images proposed by the media system of popular magazines or of internet pages. The sound invites us to enter the architectural space even to “listen” its intimate qualities. This thesis aims to illustrate how the sound is a contemporary “code” for architectural project that reveals innovative qualities of design. Furthermore the research focus on a comparative study of projectual case studies related to the “sound effect” in order to reveal as a consciousness of this descriptive tool (sound effect) can become a key-theme of project. A similar method of comparison is applied to the spaces of proximity, between outdoor spaces and indoor spaces. The space of proximity is intended as a “sample-space” to verify this comparative approach. These concepts, held through the critical comparison of a series of case studies, reveal the integration of sound parameter as a material both of architectural and urban project. The examples are divided into categories in reason of the distinction between sound and noise and different scales. The first, concerns how the presence of different kind of noise becoming a way to for modelling the architectural project, in big and medium scales. The second one reveals, in the smaller scale of building, how the project uses traditional control of volumes, dimensions and materials to create “sound effects” as components of built space. The other one category focuses on the sound as an artistic component of space through the use of mechanical or electrical installation. The result is that both sound and noise can be considered as aesthetic and generative component of project. The work translates the analytic language of sounds design into a graphicism that shows the skills of project in controlling sound components. A series of “Lebels” and “Sound Maps” are created to facilitate a reading of case studies in relation to the sound effects they produce. This to extrapolate recurring attitudes and design conditions that demonstrate the integration of sound in architectural project. A particular experimentation is leaded on the space of proximity, with the production of schemes that simplify and describe the space between indoor and outdoor and their particular sound conditions.